WHAT IS DISCOURSE? AND WHAT IS DISCOURSE ANALYSIST?

                                                                                 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

a. Background

 

A meaning is a very complicated thing with all points of view and interpretation of people. Different people will think differently, everyone also has a way to convey a message as well as other people also have a view or interpret in receiving the message.

Now how to give and receive messages to have the same understanding? It is research on discourse analysis that will answer this question so that the meaning of discourse analysis according to the oxford english dictionary defines discourse analysis as: "linguistics, a method of analyzing the structure of texts or utterances longer than one sentence, taking into account both their linguistic content and their sociolinguistic context; analysis performed using this method."

Research in the rapidly growing and evolving field of discourse analysis flows from numerous academic disciplines that are very different from one another. Of course, fields like linguistics and anthropology are included because they were the first to establish models for comprehending and methods for studying language. Communication, cognitive psychology, social psychology, philosophy, literary criticism, and artificial intelligence are among the fields that have adapted and extended such models and methodologies to challenges inside their own academic domains..

Discourse analysis is a branch of science that is quite necessary in life, this is because discourse analysis functions to analyze the form or structure of a text, oral utterance, and sign. this can help an academic to examine a meaning carefully. this can help an academic to examine a meaning carefully with discourse analysis also one can understand the implied meaning of an expression.

From the statement above, it can be concluded that studying discourse analysis is important, especially for an academic. For this reason, we will present some introductions of discourse analysis.

 

b. Formulation of the Problem

1. What is discourse analysis?

 

c. Purpose

1. To Understand the Definition of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER II

REVIEW

a.  Definition

 

Given this disciplinary diversity, it is no surprise that the term“discourse” and “discourse analysis” have different meanings to scholars in different fields. For many, particularly linguists, “discourse” has generally been defined as anything “beyond the sentence.” For others (e.g., Fasold 1990: 65), the study of discourse is the study of language use. These definitions have in common a focus on specific instances or spates of language. But critical theorists and those influenced by them can speak, for example, of “discourses of power” and “discourses of racism,” where the term “discourses” not only becomes a count noun but further refers to a broad conglomeration of linguistic and non-linguistic social practices and ideological assumptions that together construct or reinforce power or racism.

To discourse analysts, “discourse” (ways to representing) usually meants actual instances of communicative action in the medium of language, although some define the tern more broadly as “meaningful symbolic behavior”. Perhaps the most familiar use of the word “analysis” is for processes, mental or mechanical, for taking things apart. Chemical analysis, for examle, involves using a variety of mechanical techniques for separating compounds into their elemental parts.

A discourse analysis is based on the details of speech (and gaze and gesture and action) or writing that are arguably deemed relevant in the context and that are relevant to the arguments the analysis is attempting to make. A discourse analysis is not based on all the physical features present, not even on all those that might, in some conceivable context, be meaningful, or might be meaningful in analyses with different purposes. 

Analysis based on barbara johnstone is for processes, mental, or mechanical, for taking things apart. Chemical analysis for example involve use variety of mechanical techniquesfor separating compound into their elemental parts. Discourse analysis often find it useful to devide longer stretches of discourse into parts according to various criteria and then look the particular charachter of each part. From the barbara’s statement it can be concluded that the meaning of discourse analysis is mind processing for language spoken, written, or sign in order to get the right mean of it.

There are, thus typical ways of using language in particular situations. These discourses, he argued noot only share the particular meanings, but also have characteristic linguistic features association with them. What these meanings are and how they realied in language is of central interest to the area of discourse analysis.

By the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic behaviour, Harris means how people know, from the situation that they are in, how to interpret what someone says a little example an air traffic controller says to pilot, the runaway is full at the moment, thismost likely means it is not possible to land the plane. This may seem obvious to a native speaker of english but a non-native speaker pilot, of which there are many in the world, needs to understand the relationship between what is said and what is meant in order to understand she or he cannot land the plane at that time.

This is something that was explored by Hymes ( 1964 ) through the notion of the ethnography of communication. In particular, he considered aspects of speech events such as who is speaking to whom, about what, for what purpose, where and when, and how these impact on how we say and do things in culture-specific settings.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER III

CLOSURE

a. Summary

The definition of discourse analysis is Discourse analysis is a branch of science that is quite necessary in life, this is because discourse analysis functions to analyze the form or structure of a text, oral utterance, and sign. this can help an academic to examine a meaning carefully with discourse analysis also one can understand the implied meaning of an expression. It examines how the use of language is influenced by relationships between participants as well as the effects the use of language has upon social identities and relations. It also considers how views of the

world, and identities, are constructed through the use of discourse.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

 

 

Tannen, D., Hamilton, H. E., & Schiffrin, D. (2015). The handbook of discourse analysis. John Wiley & Sons. Page 1.

 

Johnstone, B. (2017). Discourse analysis. John Wiley & Sons. Page 1

Schiffrin, D., Tannen, D., & Hamilton, H. E. (Eds.). (2008). The handbook of discourse analysis. John Wiley & Sons.

Gee, J. P. (2004). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. routledge.

Paltridge, B. (2021). Discourse Analysis: An Introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing